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51.
We investigated the effect of a single compost application at two rates (50 and 85Mgha(-1)) on carbon (C) degradation and retention in an agricultural soil cropped with maize after 150d. We used both C mass balance and soil respiration data to trace the fate of compost C. Our results indicated that compost C accumulated in the soil after 150d was 4.24Mgha(-1) and 6.82Mg C ha(-1) for 50 and 85Mg ha(-1) compost rate, respectively. Compost C was sequestered at the rate of 623 and 617g C kg(-1) compost TOC for 50 and 85Mgha(-1) compost dose, respectively. These results point to a linear response between dose of application and both C degradation and retention. The amount of C sequestered was similar to the total recalcitrant C content of compost, which was 586g C kg(-1) compost TOC, indicating that, probably, during the short experiment, the labile C pool of compost (414g C kg(-1) of compost TOC) was completely degraded. Soil respiration measured at different times during the crop growth cycle was stable for soils amended with compost (CO2 flux of 0.96+/-0.11g CO2 m(-2) h(-1) and 1.07+/-0.10g CO2 m(-2) h(-1), respectively, for 50 and 85Mgha(-1)), whereas it increased in the control. The CO2 flux due to compost degradation only, though not statistically significant, was always greatest for the highest compost doses applied (0.22+/-0.40g CO2 m(-2) h(-1) and 0.33+/-0.25g CO2 m(-2) h(-1) for the 50 and 85Mgha(-1) compost dose, respectively). This seems to confirm the highest C degradation for the 85Mgha(-1) compost dose as a consequence of the presence of more labile C. Unlike other studies, the results show a slight increase in the fraction of carbon retained with the increase in compost application rate. This could be due to the highly stable state of the compost prior to application, although it could also be due to sampling uncertainty. Further investigations are needed to better explain how the compost application rate affects carbon sequestration, and how characterization into labile and recalcitrant C can predict the amount of C sequestered in the soil. 相似文献
52.
Valeria Viassolo Mario Lituania Maurizio Marasini Harry Dietz Fabrizio Benelli Francesca Forzano Francesca Faravelli 《黑龙江环境通报》2006,26(11):1081-1083
Loeys-Dietz syndrome is a recently described autosomal dominant disorder with cardinal manifestations in cardiovascular, craniofacial and skeletal systems. Although the disease has some phenotypic overlap with Marfan syndrome, the disease, that is caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor beta-receptor 1 (TGFBR1) or transforming growth factor beta-receptor 2 (TGFBR2) genes, presents many distinctive features and a particularly aggressive cardiovascular course. We describe prenatal identification of an aortic root aneurysm in a fetus of 19 week of gestation as an early marker of Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
53.
Particle-phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Non-catalysed, In-use Four-stroke Scooters 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Spezzano P Picini P Cataldi D Messale F Manni C Santino D 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):105-117
Metals and radionuclide levels in marine birds of the Aleutians are of interest because they are part of subsistence diets
of the Aleut people, and can also serve as indicators of marine pollution. We examined geographic and species-specific variations
in concentrations of radionuclides in birds and their eggs from Amchitka, the site of underground nuclear tests from 1965
to 1971, and Kiska Islands (a reference site) in the Aleutians, and the levels of lead, mercury and cadmium in eggs. In 2004
we collected common eiders (Somateria mollissima), tufted puffins (Fratercula cirrhata), pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) and glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens) from Amchitka and Kiska, and eggs from eiders and gulls from the two island. We also collected one runt bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chick from both Amchitka and Kiska Islands. For most species, the levels of radionuclide isotopes were below the minimum
detectable activity levels (MDA). Out of 74 cesium-137 analyses, only one composite (gulls) was above the MDA, and out of
14 composites tested for plutonium (Pu-239, 240), only one exceeded the MDA (a guillemots). Three composites out of 14 tested
had detectable uranium-238. In all cases, the levels were low and close to the MDAs, and were below those reported for other
seabirds. There were significant interspecific differences in metal levels in eggs: gulls had significantly higher levels
of cadmium and mercury than the eiders, and eiders had higher levels of lead than gulls. There were few significant differences
as a function of island, but eiders had significantly higher levels of cadmium in eggs from Kiska, and gulls had significantly
higher levels of mercury on Kiska. The levels of cadmium and mercury in eggs of eiders and gulls from this study were above
the median for cadmium and mercury from studies in the literature. The levels of mercury in eggs are within the range known
to affect avian predators, but seabirds seem less vulnerable to mercury than other birds. However, the levels of mercury are
within the action levels for humans, suggesting some cause for concern if subsistence Aleuts eat a large quantity of eggs. 相似文献
54.
Residues behavior of some fungicides applied on two greenhouse tomato varieties different in shape and weight 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The degradation of 12 fungicides (azoxystrobin, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, fenarimol, fludioxonil, iprovalicarb, mepanipyrim, penconazole, pyrimethanil, tolclofos-methyl, triadimenol), commonly used in pest management strategies on Sardinian greenhouse tomato crops was studied. A different residue behaviour was observed between the studied cultivar. On the smaller, a "cherry" type tomato, field data showed an initial residue mostly higher than the "beefsteak" tomato. In any case, except for penconazole, all pesticide residues were below their maximum residue levels (MRLs) reaching the pre-harvest interval (PHI). On both cultivar, triadimenol and cymoxanil residues completely disappeared reaching their PHI, while iprovalicarb, fenarimol, and fludioxonil disappeared in a time of 17 to 24 days. On the contrary, azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, penconazole, tolclofos-methyl, mepanipyrim, and pyrimethanil showed a long persistence on both tested cultivar and may have residual problems due to an accumulation effect if repeated field treatments will be performed. The first group of molecules according to their rapid degradation could be used in low pesticide-input management in order to obtain tomatoes with low or no detectable residues. 相似文献
55.
Bianco Angelica Carena Luca Peitsaro Nina Sordello Fabrizio Vione Davide Passananti Monica 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):647-653
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Microplastics are of rising health concerns because they have been detected even in remote and pristine environments, from the Artic snow to the Marianne Trench.... 相似文献
56.
Alessandra Pugnetti Francesco Acri Luisa Alberighi Donato Barletta Mauro Bastianini Fabrizio Bernardi-Aubry 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(6):399-409
Taxonomic composition, biomass, primary production and growth rates of the phytoplankton community were studied in two stations in the NW Adriatic Sea on a seasonal basis, in areas characterized by differing hydrological and trophic conditions. The main differences between the two stations were quantitative rather than qualitative, most phytoplankton species being common to both stations. The effects of differing nutrient concentrations and plume spreading were evident. Biomass and primary production rates were significantly higher in the coastal station (S1), and the phytoplankton distribution in the water column was markedly stratified in S1 and more even in the offshore station (S3). However, chlorophyll a specific production, potential growth rate and production efficiencies were very similar in both stations, even when phosphorus concentrations were limiting. A discrepancy between potential and actual growth rate was observed: as a feature common to both stations, comparisons between potential and actual growth rates revealed that little carbon produced by phytoplankton accumulated as algal biomass; therefore, very high loss rates were estimated. 相似文献
57.
Biostabilization of municipal solid waste 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A mechanical-biological process for municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment was monitored for one year. Mechanical pre-treatment provided two fractions. The oversize fraction (diameter > 50 mm) (yield of 600 g kg(-1) ww) (46 Mg day(-1)) was used for refuse derived fuel production, after undergoing a mechanical refining processes, because of low moisture content (200-250 g kg(-1)) and high calorific value (2500-2800 kcal kg ww(-1)). The undersize fraction (diameter < 50 mm) (yield 400 g kg(-1) ww) (30 Mg day(-1)) contained about 800 g kg(-1) of the MSW organic matter. This fraction was biologically treated using an aerobic process with an organic waste fraction from separate collection (77 Mg day(-1)) and recycled stabilized material (62 Mg day(-1)) obtained from end-product sieve (diameter < 20 mm) used as bulking agent. A retention time of three weeks was sufficient to obtain stabilized products in agreement with up-dated rules of the Lombardy Region (North Italy) regarding biostabilization and composting processes. Dynamic Respiration Index (DRI), such as required by both Lombardy Region rules and suggested by the European Community, was chosen in preference to other indices in order to assess the degree of biological stability of the end products. A mean DRI value of 1164 mg O2 kg SV(-1) h(-1) was obtained and is in agreement with the proposed limit of 1000+/-200 mg O2 kg SV(-1) h(-1). Self-heating test, potential biogas production and fermentable volatile solids were also used as parameters to describe the potential impact of treated waste, providing further useful information. Nevertheless, all of these methods revealed analytical or interpretative limits. A complete mass balance of the biological treatment section showed that, from a net input of 107 Mg day(-1), only 250 g kg(-1) (27 Mg day(-1)) of the waste needed to be landfilled, with 750 g kg(-1) (80 Mg day(-1)) being lost as CO2 and H2O. 相似文献
58.
Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is considered the most mobile and reactive soil carbon source and its characterization is an important issue for soil ecology study. A biodegradability test was set up to study WSOC extracted from 7 soils differently managed. WSOC was extracted from soil with water (soil/water ratio of 1:2, W/V) for 30 min, and then tested for biodegradability by a liquid state respirometric test. Result obtained confirmed the finding that WSOC biodegradability depended on both land use and management practice. These results suggested the biodegradability test as suitable method to characterize WSOC, adding useful information to soil fertility. 相似文献
59.
Friction Stir Welding (FSW), as a solid state welding process, seems to be one of the most promising techniques for joining titanium alloys avoiding a large number of difficulties arising from the use of traditional fusion welding processes. In order to pursue cost savings and a time efficient design, the development of numerical simulations of the process can represent a valid choice for engineers. In the paper an artificial neural network was properly trained and linked to an existing 3D FEM model for the FSW of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy, with the aim to predict both the microhardness values and the microstructure of the welded butt joints at the varying of the main process parameters. A good agreement was found between experimental values and calculated results. 相似文献
60.
Fabrizio Monaci Eduardo O. Leidi Maria Dolores Mingorance Benito Vald′es Sabina Rossini Oliv Roberto Bargagli 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(3):444-452
To assess the ecophysiological traits and the phytoremediation potential of the endemic heather Erica andevalensis,we determined the concentrations of major and trace elements in different plant parts and in rizosphere soils from Riotinto mining district (Huelva,Spain).The results showed that E.andevalensis may grow on substrates with very high As,Cu,Fe and Pb concentrations (up to 4114,1050,71900 and 15614 μg/g dry weight,respectively),very low availability of macro-and micronutrients and with pH values ra... 相似文献